The soft iron shields the acceleration space from the magnetic field, to prevent a breakdown.
2.
The bottom of the cup has a hole through which most of the generated ions are ejected by the magnetic field into the acceleration space.
3.
The long barrel enables a substantial propelling charge by providing more length in which to achieve all-burnt and hence projectile acceleration space and thus achieve its 930 m / s muzzle velocity.
4.
:Assuming high-g constant acceleration space travel is possible ( given all its technical problems ), accelerating at over 1 g does not buy you much in terms of total travel time for interstellar trips, though it does reduce the subjective time for the travelers.
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